Assad Flees Syria After HTS Victory

Assad fled Syria after a lightning offensive spearheaded by the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) group and its allies, which brought a spectacular end to five decades of brutal rule by the Assad clan.

Syrians across the country and around the world erupted in celebration after enduring decades during which suspected dissidents were jailed or killed, and nearly 14 years of war that killed 500,000 people and displaced millions.

“We were living in oppression, we were unable to speak,” Ibtissam Kaab, a resident of Assad’s hometown Qardaha, told AFP.

“Whenever we wanted to speak, they threatened to harm us and our children.”

The joy sparked by Assad’s overthrow has been accompanied by uncertainty about the future of the multi-ethnic, multi-confessional country. Its new rulers have sought to reassure minorities they will be protected.

Sunni Muslim HTS is rooted in Syria’s branch of Al-Qaeda and is proscribed as a terrorist organization by many Western governments, though it has sought to moderate its rhetoric.

“Precisely because we are Islamic, we will guarantee the rights of all people and all sects in Syria,” Mohammad al-Bashir, the transitional head of government until March 1, told Italian daily Corriere della Sera in an interview published Wednesday.

The new rulers have also pledged justice for the victims of Assad’s iron-fisted rule, with HTS leader Abu Mohammed al-Jolani vowing that officials involved in torturing detainees will not be pardoned.

Jolani, now using his real name Ahmed al-Sharaa, also urged “countries to hand over any of those criminals who may have fled so they can be brought to justice”.

Top US diplomat Antony Blinken is due to arrive Thursday in Jordan, his first stop on a regional tour that will see him offer US support for “an inclusive, Syrian-led transition to an accountable and representative government,” State Department spokesman Matthew Miller said.

He will call for Syria to avoid becoming a “base of terrorism” or “posing a threat to its neighbors” — a nod to the concerns of Israel and Turkey, both of which have carried out strikes inside Syria since Assad’s fall.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights war monitor reported fresh Israeli strikes on sites belonging to Assad’s military in coastal Latakia and Tartus provinces and said Turkish drones targeted Syrian government military sites near Qamishli, in the Kurdish-controlled far northeast.

After decades of rule by the Assads, Syrians now face the enormous challenge of rebuilding their country and society.

In his interview with Corriere della Sera, Bashir called on the six million Syrians who sought refuge abroad to return.

“Syria is now a free country that has earned its pride and dignity. Come back,” he said.

The main international airport in Damascus, closed since the rebels overran the capital, will reopen “in the next few days”, its director Anis Fallouh told AFP.

And Bashir said Syria’s new rulers would be willing to work with anyone so long as they did not defend Assad.

The United Nations envoy for Syria, Geir Pedersen, urged an inclusive process, telling AFP that his “biggest concern is that the transition will create new contradictions in the manner that could lead to new civil strife”.

In Aleppo, Syria’s second city and the first major one captured by the rebels in their offensive, shopkeeper Ramadan Dali, 70, said “We are starting to feel safe.”

But Juman Khilaly, 40, echoed the concerns of many about necessities.

“Everything is so expensive,” she said.

For many Syrians, Assad’s fall has been a chance to exorcise the demons of decades during which torture, disappearances, and summary executions became the norm.

On Wednesday, the tomb of Assad’s father and predecessor Hafez was set alight, with rebel fighters in fatigues and young men watching it burn.

The Baath party of the deposed president meanwhile announced it would suspend its work “in all its forms… until further notice” and hand over assets to the authorities.