Prime Minister Imran Khan’s maiden visit to Sri Lanka this week is part of Pakistan’s proactive strategy aimed at engaging South Asian countries amid worsening ties with longtime rival India, experts say.
The two-day visit, they believe, could turn into a strategic partnership if the island nation accepts Islamabad’s invitation to join the multi-billion-dollar China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), the flagship project of Beijing’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
The two countries have agreed to further strengthen bilateral relations in diverse areas, including trade and tourism through enhanced connectivity.
Relations between Colombo and New Delhi
“This visit has its own significance as it took place at a time when diplomatic relations between Colombo and New Delhi strained,” Rafiuzzaman Siddiqui, a former Pakistani diplomat, told Anadolu Agency. “At the same time, India has left no stone unturned to isolate Pakistan regionally and internationally.”
Both nations, he said, have several commonalities, which strengthen the chances of enhanced cooperation, especially in trade and defense.
“Both are victims of terrorism and have dealt with it effectively, if not fully overcome,” he said; referring to Sri Lanka’s 26-year civil war, as well as Pakistan’s war against militancy; following the United States invasion of neighboring Afghanistan in 2002.
“Pakistan’s interaction with Sri Lanka at this juncture will send a message that it is not isolated; internationally and regionally very much relevant,” argued Siddiqui; whose last assignment was to serve as Pakistan’s high commissioner to Bangladesh.
Islamabad and Colombo enjoy warm relations, with particularly close military training cooperation; during the later stages of Sri Lanka’s conflict with the separatist Tamil Tigers, which ended in 2009. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam was demanding a separate state for ethnic minority Tamils in the country’s north and east.
Sri Lanka was also a part of the Aman-21
Sri Lanka was also a part of the Aman-21, a multinational naval exercise; hosted by Pakistan in the Arabian Sea earlier this month.
Abdul Khalique Ali, a Karachi-based political analyst, said India has tried its best to isolate Pakistan; by weakening the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation; a regional intergovernmental organization of South Asian states, and creating sub-groups; like the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation, excluding Pakistan. “This visit signals it has failed,” he said.
Balancing act
Ties between New Delhi and Colombo remain strained; as the former demands implementation of the 13th Amendment of Sri Lanka’s Constitution to ensure devolution of power in its Tamil-majority provinces.
Signed in 1987, the law was the outcome of a bilateral accord to improve relations between Tamils and the majority Sinhalese.
Several ministers of Sri Lanka’s Buddhist-nationalist government publicly oppose its implementation; saying the agreement is no longer valid.
Siddiqui said Colombo cannot pull something extra out of its bag to align itself with Islamabad against New Delhi.
“By and large, Sri Lanka will maintain a balanced approach vis-à-vis India and Pakistan. Although it cannot deny the largeness of India, it did not take dictation from New Delhi against other smaller nations,” he said; adding that Colombo may consider joining CPEC.
Seconding the argument, Ali said Sri Lanka is balancing its ties; “doesn’t want to rile up India”, which had initially armed the Tamil rebels.
Sri Lanka is under pressure from rights groups for alleged human rights violations during the civil war; that killed thousands of people. Last month, United Nations rights chief Michelle Bachelet called for an International Criminal Court investigation.
“This visit is a message to India as Sri Lanka needs China and Pakistan’s diplomatic support on this matter,” he said.
Routine visit
Maliha Zeba Khan, an assistant professor of International Relations at the University of Modern Languages Islamabad; however, said there is no connection between Imran’s visit and soured relations between Sri Lanka and India.
India and Sri Lanka
“India and Sri Lanka have a historical relationship. Sometimes strained, sometimes good,” she told Anadolu Agency.
She also ruled out the possibility of the South Asian country’s inclusion in CPEC as it is already a part of the BRI. “We should consider it a routine visit, considering the fact Pakistan and Sri Lanka have been good friends.”