Assad’s Fall and HTS Challenges in Syria
Assad fled Syria after an Islamist-led offensive wrested from his control city after city until Damascus fell on December 8, ending his clan’s five-decade rule and more than 13 years of civil war.
Syria’s new leaders from the Islamist group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) face the monumental task of safeguarding the multi-sectarian, multi-ethnic country from further collapse.
Rooted in Syria’s branch of Al-Qaeda, a Sunni Muslim jihadist group, HTS has moderated its rhetoric and vowed to ensure protection for minorities, including the Alawite community which Assad hails from.
With 500,000 dead in the war — sparked by Assad’s crackdown on democracy protests — and more than 100,000 missing the new authorities have also pledged justice for the victims of abuses under the deposed ruler.
On Thursday, state news agency SANA said security forces launched an operation against pro-Assad militias in the western province of Tartus, “neutralizing a certain number” of armed men.
According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights monitor, three gunmen linked with Assad’s government were killed in the operation.
It comes a day after 14 security personnel of the new authorities and three gunmen were killed in clashes in the same province when forces tried to arrest an Assad-era officer, according to the Observatory.
The Britain-based monitor said the wanted man, Mohammed Kanjo Hassan, “held the position of director of the military justice department and field court chief” at the notorious Saydnaya prison complex.
It said he had “issued death sentences and arbitrary judgments against thousands of prisoners”.
Hate or revenge
The Saydnaya complex, the site of extrajudicial executions, torture, and forced disappearances, epitomized the atrocities committed against Assad’s opponents.
The fate of tens of thousands of prisoners and missing people remains one of the most harrowing legacies of his rule.
During the offensive that precipitated Assad’s ousting, rebels flung open the doors of prisons and detention centers around the country, letting out thousands of people.
In central Damascus, relatives of some of the missing have hung up posters of their loved ones, in the hope that with Assad’s ouster, they may one day learn what happened to them.
World powers and international organizations have called for the urgent establishment of mechanisms for accountability.
But some members of the Alawite community fear that with Assad gone, they may be at risk of facing attacks from groups hungry for revenge or driven by sectarian hate.
On Wednesday, angry protests erupted in Syria, including Assad’s hometown of Qardaha, over a video showing an attack on an Alawite shrine that circulated online.
The Observatory said that one demonstrator was killed and five others wounded “after security forces… opened fire to disperse” the crowd in the central city of Homs.
The transitional authorities appointed by HTS said in a statement that the shrine attack was not recent and that it dated back to “the time of the liberation” of the northern Syrian city of Aleppo early this month.
The interior ministry said the attack was carried out by “unknown groups” and that “republishing” the video served to “stir up strife among the Syrian people at this sensitive stage”.
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